Math Mapgenerated 2026-10-25 · a354234
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N-019notecurrent2026-09-16number-theory

Large partial quotients are rare with a clean tail -- P(a_n >= k) = log2(1 + 1/k)

continued-fractions · gauss-kuzmin · partial-quotients · tail-bound · worked-instance

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For a typical real number the probability that the n-th partial quotient of its continued fraction is at least k has the closed form P(a_n >= k) = log2(1 + 1/k), the tail of the Gauss-Kuzmin law. It telescopes from the per-value law P(a_n = k) = log2(1 + 1/(k(k+2))): the product over j >= k of (j+1)^2 / (j(j+2)) collapses to (k+1)/k, so the tail is log2((k+1)/k) = log2(1 + 1/k). Consequences: P(a_n >= 2) = log2(3/2) ~ 0.585, and the tail decays like 1/(k ln 2) for large k -- heavy enough that E[a_n] diverges (the arithmetic mean of partial quotients is infinite, which is why Khinchin's constant is a geometric mean), light enough that any fixed large value is rare. A worked instance from the continued-fractions chat; a note, not a coordinate.

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generated 2026-10-25the lab index